Graciela Chichilnisky is Professor of Economics at Columbia. She co-founded Financial Tele-communications Ltd. (FITEL - an international telecommunications firm) with Geoffrey Heal, and served as its Chairperson and Chief Executive. She is currently working on a decentralized tele-communications system for global custody of international securities. Her most recent books, co-authored with Geoffrey Heal, are The Evolving International Economy and Oil in the International Economy.